Intercambio, cuidado y ser humano: chamanismo y el ritual haaihí jëeu nʌm entre los wounaan de Panamá

Exchange, caretaking, and being human: Shamanism and the haaihí jëeu nʌm ritual among Wounaan in Panamá

El trabajo etnográfico sobre los wounaan, a menudo agrupados erróneamente con los embera, ha puesto énfasis en el chamanismo. Hoy los wounaan consideran el ritual de suplicar al creador, haaihí jëeu nʌm, como el más importante. Combinando los estudios indígenas con la literatura sobre ontología sostengo que los rituales chamánicos y haaihí jëeu nʌm operan como un requisito del intercambio moral requerido entre los reinos de realidad humanos y no humanos. Basada en más de veinte años de investigación socioambiental con la aprobación de las autoridades y comunidades wounaan, utilizo las tradiciones orales y la observación participante. Muestro cómo los rituales son parte de intercambios que permiten cuidar el bienestar de los wounaan, otros seres y su entorno. El cuidado encarnado y experto es fundamental para los rituales y hace énfasis en nutrir a los antepasados, las personas, los espíritus y otros seres no humanos. Concluyo con un llamado a los wounaan para que exploren la complejidad sociolingüística de sus tradiciones orales y rituales con el fin de corregir las simplificaciones ontológicas.

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