Efectividad de enjuagues bucales contra virus de la familia coronavirus

Effectiveness of the mouth rinses against viruses of the coronavirus family. A systematic review

 La aparición del virus Sars-CoV-2 y la enfermedad Covid-19 han provocado un estado de emergencia en el sistema de salud. Teniendo en cuenta el potencial de la saliva como material contaminante, la práctica odontológica fue una de las áreas que se vio afectada debido  al uso de instrumentos que pueden esparcir aerosoles y salpicaduras que contienen microorganismos hacia el medio ambiente. Por esta razón, conociendo su potencial en la inactivación de patógenos, se propuso la utilización de  enjuagues bucales en la práctica clínica  previo a la realización de procedimientos dentales, sin embargo la evidencia no es clara respecto a su efectividad.  Objetivo: establecer el estado de evidencia actual del efecto de los enjuagues bucales sobre los coronavirus que se encuentran en cavidad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo todos los parámetros descritos en las Directrices PRISMA basada en información obtenida en los buscadores Science direct, Pubmed y Dentistry and Oral Science Source. Los criterios de selección incluyeron  estudios in vivo e in vitro de texto completo que evidenciaron la efectividad del enjuague bucal contra coronavirus. Resultados: se obtuvieron 90 artículos, de los cuales sólo 12 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión,8 in vitro y 4 in vivo,  que fueron sometidos a la evaluación de calidad metodológica utilizando la lista de verificación de evaluación crítica del JBI. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la povidona yodada es efectiva para la inactivación del virus Sars-coV-2 en todas sus concentraciones. 

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