Mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la dislipidemia

Mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la dislipidemia Revisión de literatura

La dislipidemia corresponde a una alteración de los lípidos en el plasma, lo que significa un aumento de colesterol y/o triglicéridos plasmáticos. Su relevancia radica principalmente en los efectos negativos que tiene para el riesgo cardiovascular, además de otras complicaciones importantes como la pancreatitis. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos tanto de la hipercolesterolemia cómo de la Hipértrigliceridemia se subdividen en mecanismos primarios y secundarios, de acuerdo a su origen genético o derivado de alguna patología, respectivamente. El tratamiento de la dislipidemia consta de terapias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, incluyendo en estos últimos, cambios en el estilo de vida que modifiquen la dieta y el ejercicio físico. Dentro de las terapias farmacológicas, se han estudiado a lo largo del tiempo múltiples fármacos y sus interacciones al combinar con otros de estos, siendo los mecanismos más estudiados la inhibición de la síntesis endógena de colesterol, inhibición de la degradación del receptor de LDL, inhibición de la absorción del colesterol, atrapamiento de los ácidos biliares, disminución de la síntesis de lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad y síntesis de triglicéridos.

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