Mitocondria y muerte celular

Mitochondria and cell death

Recientemente se ha definido el papel decisivo que tienen las mitocondrias en los mecanismos de muerte celular, los cuales se han explicado en diversos modelos, donde la permeabilización de la membrana externa mitocondrial y la liberación de proteínas importantes del espacio intermembranal de la mitocondria son características importantes que definen este proceso. Específicamente proteínas pro-apoptóticas tales como Citocromo c, Smac/diablo entre otras, son liberadas durante estadios tempranos del proceso apoptótico. Los mecanismos por los cuales estas proteínas son liberadas dependen presumiblemente del tipo celular y la naturaleza del estímulo. La activación de las caspasas (proteasas de cisteína) durante la apoptosis temprana parece estar regulada principalmente por la familia de las proteínas Bcl-2, cuya función principal es el control de la permeabilidad de la membrana mitocondrial a través de la formación o regulación de poros, en particular el poro de permeabilidad transicional mitocondrial. La presente revisión busca mostrar una visión global del papel de la mitocondria en los procesos de muerte celular, en la apoptosis, y en algunos de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en su regulación.

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53. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/24629448.409